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Biology

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Minor in Biology

Biology

Minor in Biology

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Overview

The minor in Biology provides students with foundational knowledge in the biological sciences through coursework covering biomolecules, cell physiology, genetics, evolution, biodiversity, ecology, and human and animal anatomy and physiology. Students explore the fundamentals of living systems while developing laboratory skills and scientific thinking. This minor pairs well with majors in public health, psychology, education, environmental studies, or any field where understanding biological systems and scientific reasoning are valuable. Graduates are prepared for careers in healthcare, research, education, and environmental science.

Program at a Glance

  • On campus

Courses & Requirements

Students must complete Principles of Biology for Science Majors I and II (BIO 107, 108) with a grade of C or better before declaring the minor. After declaring, students must complete 15 additional credits of biology courses at the 200-level or above.

Summary of Requirements

Credits
Required Pre-Minor Courses 8
Elective Biology Courses 15
Total 23

Required courses 8 credits

This course covers the fundamentals of biomolecules, cell physiology, respiration and photosynthesis, and genetics.  This is one of two courses of introductory biology for science majors. BIO107 (Lecture) & BIO 109L (Lab) and BIO108 (Lecture) & BIO 110L (Lab) can be taken in either order. BIO 107/109 and BIO 108/110 are designed for students who want to major in biology or another science, or who plan to attend dental, veterinary, or medical school after graduation.  NOTE: Students taking the course to meet general education explore requirements may take MAT 102 while students majoring in biology or another science should take MAT 130.

Credits: 3
Requisites:

Pre- or co-requisite: MAT 102 or MAT 130

Distribution: Bachelors, Undergraduate

This course covers the fundamentals of evolution, comparative biodiversity, human and animal anatomy and physiology, and ecology and environmental science. This is one of two courses of introductory biology for science majors. BIO107 (Lecture) &  BIO 109L (Lab) and BIO108 (Lecture) and BIO 110L (Lab) can be taken in either order. BIO 107/109L and BIO 108/110L are designed for students who want to major in biology or another science, or who plan to attend dental, veterinary, or medical school after graduation.

Note: Students taking the course to meet general education explore requirements may take MAT 102 while students majoring in biology or another science should take MAT 130.

Credits: 3
Requisites:

Pre- or co-requisites: MAT 102 or MAT 130

Distribution: Bachelors, Undergraduate

In this laboratory course, students will develop and test hypotheses by designing their own experiments to better understand the fundamentals of biomolecules, cell physiology, respiration and photosynthesis, and genetics. Students will also learn how to use a microscope and pipettors and will write laboratory reports in the same format as professional journal articles.   This 2-hour laboratory course should be taken concurrently with BIO 107.

NOTE: Students taking the course to meet general education explore requirements may take MAT 102 while students majoring in biology or another science should take MAT 130.

Credits: 1
Requisites:

Pre- or co-requisites: MAT 102 or MAT 130.

Distribution: Bachelors, Undergraduate

In laboratory, students will develop and test hypotheses by designing their own experiments to better understand fundamentals of evolution, comparative biodiversity, human and animal anatomy and physiology, and ecology and environmental science. Students will also learn how to use computer simulation models to predict outcomes, grow and enumerate bacteria and plants, and write laboratory reports in the same format as professional journal article.  This 2-hour laboratory course should be taken concurrently with BIO 108.

Note: Students taking the course to meet general education explore requirements may take MAT 102 while students majoring in biology or another science should take MAT 130.

Credits: 1
Requisites:

Pre- or co-requisite: MAT 102 or MAT 130.

Distribution: Bachelors, Undergraduate

Elective biology courses 15 credits

Other courses in STAMP above level 200 may count for electives.

Fifteen credits of biology courses of the 200-level or above are required.

This course provides an overview of modern genetics, including classical Mendelian genetics, molecular genetics, genomics, and population genetics. Laboratory activities will introduce students to basic statistical and computational techniques and tools, organisms used in genetics laboratories including E. coli and Drosophila melanogaster, and wet lab techniques including gel lectrophoresis, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and DNA fingerprinting using STR polymorphism analysis. Three hours of lecture and one two-hour laboratory per week.

Credits: 4
Requisites:

BIO 107 and BIO 108; or permission of the instructor

Distribution: Bachelors, Undergraduate

A general survey of the microorganisms, with emphasis on their morphology, physiology, growth, and methods of isolation and identification. Laboratory activities will introduce students to wet lab techniques including staining and microscopy, pipetting, streaking, preparing media, spread and pour plating, serial dilutions, plate count assays, metabolic tests for identification of bacteria, bacterial transformations and phage stock preparation. Three hours of lecture and two two-hour laboratories per week

Credits: 5
Requisites:

BIO 107 and BIO 108; or permission of the instructor

Distribution: Undergraduate

Zoology is an introductory survey of various invertebrate and vertebrate animals, with an emphasis on their comparative and functional morphology. You will study the complex and diverse features of invertebrate and vertebrate body plans, physiology, evolution, systematic behavior, reproductive strategies, development, and ecological adaptation strategies. The course requires a minimum of one field trip, three hours of lecture, and two hours of laboratory per week.

Credits: 4
Requisites:

BIO 108 or permission of the instructor

Distribution: Bachelors, Undergraduate

The first part of a two-semester course sequence, this course will study the various systems of the body from a combined anatomical and physiological standpoint, with laboratory experiments which illustrate their structure and function. Students will develop their critical thinking skills by analyzing hypothetical problems relating to anatomy and physiology; many of these problems will have medical applications. The first semester will focus on the following organ systems: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous and special sensory. Three hours of lecture and one two-hour laboratory per week.

Credits: 4
Requisites:

BIO 107 and BIO 108; or permission of the instructor

Distribution: Bachelors, Undergraduate

A study of the interrelationships between organisms and physical factors in and with the natural world. The course discusses ecological parameters (physical factors, nutrient cycles, energy flow), organisms (life histories, evolutionary fitness), populations (population growth, temporal and spatial dynamics), communities (predator-prey interactions, competition, co-evolution, succession), ecosystems (biomes, biodiversity, species-area relationships). Laboratory experiences will include both field trips and modeling exercises. Three hours of lecture and one two hour laboratory per week.

Credits: 4
Requisites:

BIO 108 or permission of the instructor

Distribution: Undergraduate

The theory of evolution is the foundation of modern biology because it explains the unity and diversity of life on earth. This course will cover the history of evolution, evolutionary processes, adaptation, and evolution as an explanatory framework at levels of biological organization ranging from genomes to ecological communities. The interplay between theory and empirical tests of hypotheses will be emphasized, thus acquainting students with the process of science.

Credits: 3
Requisites:

BIO 211 or permission of instructor

Distribution: Undergraduate

This course will teach botany in the context of real-life research activities. The class will work with a partner organization to carry out botanical research that will contribute knowledge to decision-making. This will involve designing and conducting a semesterlong research study from start to finish. Students will practice skills such as reading primary literature, analyzing data, and communicating scientific findings for both a lay and scientific audience, while working collaboratively. Content may include basic morphological and physiological principles, systematics and genetics, with an emphasis on the ecology and evolution of plants. The course consists of tightly linked lecture and laboratory learning experiences. Three hours of lecture and one two-hour laboratory per week.

Credits: 4
Requisites:

BIO 107 and BIO 108; or permission of the instructor

Distribution: Undergraduate

We will study nutrition science, focusing on issues that currently affect Americans today including: the current obesity epidemic, fad diets, popular supplements, energy drinks, and fast food and their effects on our nutritional health. Our objective is to teach students the following lifelong skills: how to analyze popular diets and supplements, how to perform a nutrition self-analysis and analyze BMI and body fat percentage, how to lose weight effectively and safely, and how to develop a healthy, nutritious meal plan for yourself and your family.

Credits: 3
Distribution: Undergraduate
Intermediate level course on special topics, current issues, or areas of interest not included in other courses offered by the (department/program). May be repeated with different content areas.
Credits: 1-5
Requisites:

Permission of the instructor

Distribution: Undergraduate

This course is for sophomores to develop critical thinking and data analysis skills by performing hypothesis-driven research. A large body of science education research shows that undergraduate science majors who perform research do better in their courses, are more likely to graduate from college, and are more likely to succeed in their graduate and professional careers. Students will perform experiments, collect, record and analyze data, and present their data at weekly, one-hour project meetings guided by the faculty researcher and which may include other students or technicians involved with the project. Each credit hour is the equivalent of three hours of research per week. To enroll in this course, students must obtain the permission of the faculty researcher.

Credits: 1-3
Distribution: Undergraduate

This course will discuss the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of infectious diseases and the mechanisms by which microorganisms subvert host defenses and cause infections, resulting in tissue damage and perhaps death. Students will study the epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment and prevention of infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. This course will also cover a number of case studies giving students an opportunity to diagnosis patients suffering from infectious diseases.

Credits: 5
Requisites:

BIO 221 or permission of instructor

Distribution: Undergraduate

The second part of a two-semester course sequence, this course will cover the remaining physiological systems of the body Students will develop their critical thinking skills by analyzing hypothetical problems relating to anatomy and physiology; many of these problems will have medical applications. This semester will focus on the following organ systems: endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary and male and female reproductive systems. Three hours of lecture and one two-hour laboratory per week.

Credits: 4
Requisites:

BIO 233 or permission of instructor

Distribution: Bachelors, Undergraduate

This course will offer students an opportunity to take an intensive look at aquatic systems, beginning with an overview of the chemical, geological, and physical aspects of the world's oceans. Students will learn about the ecology of marine systems of microscopic (bacteria, phytoplankton, and zooplankton) to macroscopic organisms (fish and marine mammals). A variety of current events will be discussed (e.g. harmful algal blooms, iron fertilization, recent discoveries in bacteria and phytoplankton genomes). Three hours of lecture per week and one all-day field trip to the Chesapeake Bay.

Credits: 3
Requisites:

BIO 241 or permission of instructor

Distribution: Undergraduate
Mastery level course on special topics, current issues, or areas of interest not included in other courses offered by the (department/program). May be repeated with different content areas.
Credits: 1-5
Requisites:

Permission of the instructor

Distribution: Undergraduate

This course is for juniors to develop critical thinking and data analysis skills by performing hypothesis-driven research. A large body of science education research shows that undergraduate science majors who perform research do better in their courses, are more likely to graduate from college, and are more likely to succeed in their graduate and professional careers. Students will perform experiments, collect, record and analyze data, and present their data at weekly, one-hour project meetings guided by the faculty researcher and which may include other students or technicians involved with the project. Each credit hour is the equivalent of three hours of research per week. To enroll in this course, students must obtain the permission of the faculty researcher.

Credits: 1-3
Distribution: Undergraduate

Students whose capstone research project requires more than one semester of work may also enroll in this course for the second semester to obtain additional course credit. The student and instructor will need to draw up a work contract which specifies the parameters of this work as well as meeting times.

Credits: 3
Requisites:

STM 403 and permission of the instructor

Distribution: Undergraduate

This course is cross-listed and is otherwise known as BIO 711. An in-depth examination of the mechanisms involved in producing genetic variation in humans and medical/clinical aspects of genetic variation and disease. Topics include human cytogenetics and chromosomal disorders, nontraditional inheritance, genetic counseling, and the ethical, legal, and social impact of genetics technology. Hereditary variations in deaf people are also discussed. Three hours of lecture per week.

Credits: 3
Requisites:

BIO 211

Distribution: Undergraduate
Advanced level course on special topics, current issues, or areas of interest not included in other courses offered by the (department/program). May be repeated with different content areas.
Credits: 1-5
Requisites:

Permission of the instructor

Distribution: Undergraduate

This course is for seniors to develop critical thinking and data analysis skills by performing hypothesis-driven research. A large body of science education research shows that undergraduate science majors who perform research do better in their courses, are more likely to graduate from college, and are more likely to succeed in their graduate and professional careers. Students will perform experiments, collect, record and analyze data, and present their data at weekly, one-hour project meetings guided by the faculty researcher and which may include other students or technicians involved with the project. Each credit hour is the equivalent of three hours of research per week. To enroll in this course, students must obtain the permission of the faculty researcher.

Credits: 1-3
Distribution: Undergraduate

Reading, research, discussion, writing in the discipline, or laboratory work, according to the goals of the student. The student and instructor will need to draw up a work contract which specifies the parameters of this work as well as meeting times.

Credits: 1-3
Distribution: Undergraduate
Opportunities

Graduates of the Biology program complete a rigorous and hands-on curriculum that prepares them to thrive in scientific, educational, and research environments. Students develop strong skills in data analysis, critical thinking, scientific communication, and laboratory techniques, allowing them to adapt and excel in diverse professional settings.

Through their studies, Biology majors learn to

  • Describe and analyze living systems and their evolution
  • Apply scientific methods to solve real-world problems
  • Understand how human activity impacts ecosystems
  • Interpret data, evaluate evidence, and communicate scientific findings clearly
  • Practice laboratory safety and proper research techniques

Students also gain practical experience through summer internships in fieldwork or laboratory research, supported by Biology faculty and the Career Center. Past internships have taken place in Washington, D.C., across the United States, and Canada, giving students valuable exposure to professional research and environmental science work.

Job Outlook

Biological Technician

The employment of Biological Technicians is expected to grow by a 3% rate from 2024-2034, with an average annual salary of $52,000. Learn more about career opportunities as a biological technician.

Wildlife Biologist

The employment of Wildlife Biologists is expected to grow by a 2% rate from 2024-2034, with an average annual salary of $72,860. Learn more about career opportunities as a wildlife biologist.

Medical Scientist

The employment of Medical Scientists is expected to grow by a 9% rate from 2024-2034, with an average annual salary of $100,590. Learn more about career opportunities as a medical scientist.

Admissions

Learn about Gallaudet’s admissions requirements, steps to apply, application deadlines and more at our Undergraduate Admissions page.

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Faculty

Paul Sabila

Professor

Derek Braun

Professor

Sara Konkel

Senior Lecturer

Adebowale Ogunjirin

Associate Professor

Gaurav Arora

Associate Professor

Contact

  • Minor in Biology
  • daniel.lundberg@gallaudet.edu
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Paul Sabila

Professor

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